芸薹属油菜种间与亚种间杂交亲和性研究

Genetics of Interspecific and Intersubspecific Hybrids of Brassica

植物种间杂交与亚种间杂交在杂交亲和性以及杂种后代遗传性状等方面往往表现出较大的差异。为观察芸薹属种间及亚种间杂种后代的遗传特征并通过杂交创造新的种质资源,采用人工剥蕾去雄和辅助授粉方法进行了芥菜型油菜与甘蓝型油菜种间杂交以及白菜型油菜中的两个亚种矮壮青和黄秧白之间的杂交。矮壮青与黄秧白间杂交比较容易得到杂种后代,杂种后代保持较多的双亲特征,杂种花粉育性可达到95%以上,结实率较高。芥菜型油菜与甘蓝型油菜杂交虽然花粉管在母本柱头萌发正常,但杂交成功率较低,借助胚培养可以得到杂种后代。杂种后代表现出较强的杂种优势,营养生长旺盛,但杂种花粉育性较低,可育花粉仅占33%,而且自交结实率极低。

There is significant difference between between Brassica juncea and B. napus were gained interspecific and intersubspecific hybridization of plants. Hybrids through artificial emasculation and pollination to investigate ge- netical traits of the hybrids and create new germplasm resources, and so were those of subspecies of B. rapa. It was easy to obtain intersubspecific hybrid of B. rapa. The hybrids had many traits of maternal and paternal parents and more than 95 % pollens were fertile, therefor, they had a good seeds setting. It was difficult to get interspecific hy- brids ofB. Juncea and B. napus in spite of good germination of pollens on stigma and the hybrids can be obtained by embryo culture. They showed strong heterosis but pollen fertility is very low, only about 33% pollens were fertile. A few of seeds were obtained under the condition of pollinated by themselves.