基于矩阵和空间六自由度原理的大尺寸产品空间尺寸链的计算方法研究

Research on the calculation method of three dimensional chain of large size parts based on matrix and six degree of freedom

大重量大尺寸的产品在机械装配和使用过程中由于自身的重量或温度等环境因素的影响会发生形状的改变,导致装配精度和质量的降低。采用矩阵、三维建模和有限元分析等数学和计算机辅助分析方法,构建三维空间尺寸链,全面考虑尺寸的空间改变以及装配精度的动态补偿;利用空间六个自由度原理建立矩阵,对空间尺寸链进行优化分类和平衡计算,使大重量大尺寸的工程装备尺寸公差设计更趋于合理,减小加工与安装难度,节省人工成本。根据上述建模和精度分析流程,对典型大尺寸结构进行了验证,结果证明:该方法建立的装配模型精度比较高,可操作性强,应用范围广,可有效解决海洋平台、轮船等大型装备设计和装配的精度难题,为提升大型机械装备装配质量提供了一种可靠的方法。

During the mechanical assembly and service in product several parts with large weight and size will deform due to its own weight or temperature and other environmental conditions, which lead to the depression in the assembly precision and quality. In this paper, a three - dimensional （ 3 D） chain was modled by means of matrix ,3D modeling and finite element analysis, and computer aided modeling and analysis tools ,considering on the spatial change of size, and the dynamic compensation of assembly accuracy. The matrixs were established by means of six degree of freedom principle, the three - dimensional chain was optimized and balanced by calculation, which made the design of engineering equipment with large size more reasonable. According to the above modeling and accuracy analysis process, the typical 3D tolerance analysis of the structure with large size was verified. The results show that the method is more accurate and can be operated. So the tolerance a- nalysis method based on matrix and six degree of freedom can be used to solve the problem of large scale equipment design and assembly, and It put forward a reliable method to improve the assembly quality of large machinery and equipment.