中国国际旅游省份差异的时空交互特征——基于主要客源市场的对比

Space-time interaction of provincial inequality of international tourism in China: The comparison between main tourist markets

运用LISA时间路径、时空跃迁、可视化等方法,对比研究1997-2013年中国主要国际客源市场的客流省份分布动态特征。研究表明:1京沪粤极化减弱,中西部新兴增长极崛起,区域差异趋于缩小。2客流分布遵循距离衰减规律,近程市场客流分布较远程集中。3欧洲市场局部空间结构最简单,东南亚最复杂;日韩市场受时空依赖影响最小,北美洲最大,东南亚次之;江浙沪间客流增长的时空依赖效应以溢出为主;而京粤对邻域以极化为主;中西部旅游欠发达省份局部空间结构稳定,增长缓慢。4国际旅游发展以省份间协同增长为主,局部空间竞合态势不同。5客流分布空间凝聚强,省份市场地位相对稳定;时空变迁概率因区域、市场而异。应打破行政壁垒,发挥空间溢出效应,促进要素流通;欠发达省份既要加强区域合作,也要不断自我完善;壮大中西部新兴旅游增长极;加大远程市场营销力度。

The integration of space and time generates much closer interaction between geography and other social sciences, and provides a new perspective for understanding the role of geography in tourist flow distribution. China has become one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations. However, there are significant disparities in volume and structure of China’s international tourist flow between the coastland and inland. Tourism behavior involves the cross- regional movement at spatio- temporal dimension. Accordingly, an insight into spatialtemporal distribution and inter- regional co- opetition relationships is very helpful to develop destination marketing strategy. Based on the perspective of space- time interaction, this paper explored the inter- provincial inequality of international tourist flow in China from 1997 to2013. LISA time path, space- time transition and visualization were employed for spatialtemporal data analysis. It concludes that： 1 the polarization effects of the main port cities（Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou） tend to be weaken, and along with the rise of new growth poles located in the central and western regions, inter-provincial inequality tend to be reduced.2 The spatial distribution of international tourist flow obeys to the distance- decay rule- the short- range international tourist market is more spatially concentrated than the long- haul market. 3 The local spatial structure of European market is simplest, Southeast Asian market is the most complex. Space-time dependence effect has the greatest impact on the dynamic of regional system of North- American market; the Japanese- Korean market is of the least influence. The inter-provincial growth of inner Yangtze River Delta shows a significant spacetime dependence, but the space-time dependence of Beijing and her neighbors, Guangdong and her neighbors are rather faint, in spite of the two provinces’ own high growth rate; the local spatial structures of these backward provinces situated in the central and western regions are stable due to their slower growth rate. 4 The inter-provincial collaborative growth is the main theme of Chinese international tourism development. However, the situation of co- opetition varies from one province to another. 5 There exists an intense spatial cohesion among provinces, and their own market roles are relatively stable; Space- time transition probability varies from one province to another and from one market to another. Some suggestions are made to promote regional balanced development, such as continuing to increase supports for backward provinces; breaking administrative barriers for the circulation of tourism factors;necessitating the cooperation between touristic backward and advanced provinces as well as self- improvement of the formers; cultivating and strengthening the booming tourism growth poles located in the central and western regions; making more efforts to the advertising ＆marketing for the long-haul market.