中小学生家校互动食品安全健康干预效果评价

Effect of health intervention on food safety based on home-school interact platform

目的了解＂家校互动＂健康教育模式对中小学生食品安全知信行的效果,为教育部门制定和推广食品安全健康教育提供依据。方法多阶段抽取闵行区16所中小学四年级、七年级所有学生作为研究对象,以班级为单位分为＂家校互动＂干预组、传统组和对照组3组,对＂家校互动＂组采用儿童青少年饮食安全园地、网上知识竞赛、食品安全主题班会等方式进行干预,传统组采用传统授课方式,对照组不作干预。干预前后采用问卷评估对象食品安全的知信行。结果传统组和家校互动组食品安全的知信行得分均有提高,但家校互动组干预效果更显著。干预后,家校互动组知识得分由（12.47±1.76）上升至（15.32±1.83）,态度分值由（12.24±1.79）上升至（13.56±1.34）,行为分值由（20.14±2.95）上升至（22.95±2.41）（t值分别为32.40,17.52,21.84,P值均〈0.01）。家校互动干预对＂吃路边烧烤、吃方便食品、吃快餐或吃外卖、在外就餐购买熟食＂的不良饮食习惯改变效果显著（χ~2值分别为29.95,22.78,9.75,9.19,P值均〈0.05）,而传统授课效果不显著。家校互动组干预后,对象通过家庭生活和课外读物获取食品安全知识的比例上升（P值均〈0.05）。结论中小学生食品安全知识普遍欠缺,良好态度及健康行为有待提高和形成;家校互动干预对提高中小学生食品安全知信行得分的效果显著。呼吁开展形式多样的食品安全健康干预方式。

Objective To understand the effect of ＂home-school＂ interact health education on knowledge,attitude and practice（KAP）of food safety in primary and middle school students,and to provide evidence for food safety.Methods Multi-stage sampling method was used.Students of grade 4 to grade 7 were selected from 16 schools.All the classes were randomized to ＂homeschool interact＂ group,traditional group and control group.The ＂home-school interact＂ group were intervened by health education corner,online knowledge competition,theme-based class on food safety and supermarket purchase;the traditional group were intervened by traditional teaching method;control students received no intervention.KAP on food safety were assessed by questionnaire pre-and after intervention.Results KAP of both traditional group and home-school interact group was increased,but the increase in home-school interact group was more remarkable.In the home-school interact group,scores of knowledge on food safety increased from 12.47 to 15.32,scores of attitude increased from 12.24 to 13.56,and scores of practice increased from 20.14 to 22.95;furthermore,the KAP scores of all different schools,residential kinds and genders increased significantly.Home-school interact intervention reduced the frequency of eating road-toasted food,eating instant food,eating fast food or take-out,and eating outside from home or food cooked outside,but the effect in traditional group was not significant.After the intervention,the proportion of students,who got knowledge on food safety from home life and outside reading,increased in the home-school interact group.Conclusion Knowledge on food safety is insufficient in primary and middle schools students,and their attitude and health behavior on food safety needs to be developed and improved.Home-school interact intervention can improve the KAP of students significantly,especially on unhealthy dietary behaviors.None-traditional,diverse intervention on food safety was appealed to be carried out to improve the effect.