贫困和非贫困大学生应对方式的追踪观察

Follow-up observation about coping style of impoverished and non-impoverished undergraduates

目的探索贫困和非贫困大学生应对方式的动态变化规律,为制定有针对性的心理健康教育策略提供参考。方法采用应对方式问卷(CSQ)对329名贫困大学生和2 339名非贫困大学生进行连续3 a的追踪调查。结果在纵向数据上,贫困生3 a在自责、求助和幻想因子上差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),非贫困生3 a在除合理化外CSQ的5个因子上差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),共同趋势是解决问题和求助得分逐年增加,自责、幻想和退避得分逐年减少;在横向对比上,贫困和非贫困生在解决问题(3 a)、求助(第3年)和退避(第2年)差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),贫困生在解决问题和求助上得分较高,在退避上得分较低。在性别变量上,男、女贫困生入校3 a CSQ各因子得分差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),而非贫困男、女生3 a则在除合理化外CSQ的5个因子上差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论贫困和非贫困大学生入校后,应对方式逐渐成熟,但贫困生的应对方式相比非贫困生更为成熟。

Objective To explore the dynamic changing regularity of coping style of impoverished and non-impoverished undergraduates.Methods CSQ was used as tool to test 329 impoverished freshmen and 2 339 non-impoverished freshmen in 2011,the test was conducted subsequently for three years.Results Longitudinal study displayed that self-accusation,asking for help and fantasy factor of CSQ were significantly different among impoverished undergraduates in three years（P〈0.01）,all the factors except rationalization of CSQ were significantly different among non-impoverished undergraduates（P〈0.01）,and the score of solving problem,asking for help went up,the score of self-accusation,fantasy,wince went down.Cross-sectional studies showed there were significantly difference on the factors of solving problem,asking for help,wince of CSQ score between impoverished and non-impoverished undergraduates（P〈0.01）.Longitudinal Study on the sex variable displayed there were no significantly different CSQ score between poor male and female undergraduates,but there was significantly difference in CSQ factors score except rationalization between male and female non-impoverished undergraduates（P〈0.05）.Conclusion After the impoverished and non-impoverished undergraduates entered university,their coping style gradually matured,impoverished undergraduates may have more mature coping style than non-impoverished undergraduates.