西安市0～14岁儿童青少年死亡状况分析

Analysis of death status of children among 0-14 years from 2005 to 2014 in Xi'an City

目的了解西安市0~14岁儿童各年龄组的主要死亡原因,为制定防治干预措施提供依据。方法利用西安市2005—2014年死因监测系统数据,用国际疾病分类标准ICD-10进行疾病分类编码。结果西安市2005—2014年0~14岁儿童平均死亡率为80.15/10万,年均下降4.22%,差异无统计学意义（t=-2.261,P〉0.05）。儿童死亡数占全人群死亡数比例呈下降趋势。男孩死亡率（93.58/10万）高于女孩（64.99/10万）（χ~2=168.90,P〈0.05）;0岁~婴儿死亡率最高（666.84/10万）,以后随年龄的增加呈下降趋势,10~14岁儿童死亡率最低（25.13/10万）。围生期有关疾病、损伤中毒和先天性疾病是引起儿童死亡的前3位死因,死亡率分别为18.26/10万,15.60/10万和14.65/10万。机动车交通事故、机动车外意外事故和溺水位居损伤中毒原因的前3位,死亡率分别为3.13/10万,3.07/10万,2.53/10万。结论围生期有关疾病、损伤中毒和先天性疾病是西安市儿童的主要死因。加强孕产妇保健和新生儿围生期护理,预防儿童伤害,可有效降低0~14岁儿童死亡率。

Objective To investigate the main cause of mortality and morbidity in children from 0-14 years old in Xi’an City.Methods The data from Cause of Death Surveillance from 2005 to 2014 in Xi ’an city was analyzed.Causes of death were based on ICD-10.Results The average mortality rate of children was 80.15/100 000 during the period of 2005-2014,which showed a descending tendency.Annual decline rate was 4.22% and difference was not statistically significant（t =-2.261,P〉0.05）.The mortality rate in boys（93.58/100 000）was higher than in girls（64.99/100 000）.Infant mortality rate was the highest（666.84/100 000）.The top three leading causes of death among children aged 0-14 years old were maternal diseases（18.26/100 000）,injury and poisoning（15.60/100 000）,congenital malformation（14.65/100 000）.Conclusion Maternal diseases,injury and poisoning and congenital malformation are the main causes of death among children aged 0-14 years old in Xi’an city.Highly effective preventive strategies should be developed to address the infant mortality in Xi’an.