西安市学校流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情分析

Outbreaks and control of mumps at schools in Xi'an city during 2006-2014

目的分析西安市2006—2014年学校流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情的流行病学特征和应急处置效果,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法搜集并整理西安市2006—2014年"突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统"报告的学校流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果西安市累计报告学校流行性腮腺炎疫情25起,涉及病例1 103例,波及人数33 972人,无死亡病例。其中"未分级"20起959例,"一般"级别5起144例。暴发疫情呈双峰分布,主峰在4—5月(共11起,占44%),次峰在11月(共7起,占28%)。小学(共19起,占76.00%)是流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情的高危场所。从首例发病到接到信息报告的时间中位数为8 d,疫情持续的时间中位数为29 d,报告及时性与疫情控制效果呈正相关(r=0.499,P<0.05)。结论西安市流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情有独特的流行病学特征。未接种疫苗的无免疫力人群累积是疫情暴发的主要原因,及早报告和有效的处置措施有助于疫情的及时控制。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and control measures of mumps outbreaks at schools in Xi’an city.Methods Data of mump outbreaks at schools were from National Public Health Emergency Reporting System during2006 to 2014.Descriptive analysis was used in the statistics.Results Totally,25 mumps outbreaks and 1 103 cases with no deaths were reported accumulatively in Xi’an city from 2006 to 2014.There were 20 unrated events with 959 cases and 5 normal events with 144 cases of mumps outbreaks at schools.Mumps incidence peaked predominantly in April to May（11 outbreaks,accounted for 44.00%）and November（7 mumps outbreaks,accounted for 28.00%）.Primary schools declared most outbreaks（19 mumps outbreaks,accounted for 76.00%）.Median interval was 8 days from the first report and 29 days from the first to the last cases.Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.499（P = 0.011）between report time and control effects.Conclusion There are some specific characteristics of mumps outbreaks at school level in Xi’an.The main reason for the outbreaks of mumps was the accumulation of non-immune people unvaccinated.It is of great significance that early case identification and public health response to identify and manage effective responses to mumps outbreaks.