武都主栽油橄榄品种的果实品质研究

Research on the Fruit Quality of the Main Cultivated Olive Varieties in Wudu District

分析了甘肃省武都区主栽的佛奥、莱星、皮削利、鄂植8号、科拉蒂、皮瓜尔和柯基等7个品种油橄榄的果实品质。结果表明,测试品种的果实单重为0.98~6.29 g,果肉含量为70.63%~83.90%,含水量为51.59%~71.27%,果形指数为1.34~1.89,各品种间的果重和果形参数存在显著性差异;果肉干基油脂含量在43.44%~57.50%之间,主要脂肪酸含量为油酸〉棕榈酸〉亚油酸〉硬脂酸〉棕榈油酸;果实中总叶绿素含量为47.74~191.39μg/g,类胡萝卜素为9.75~50.25μg/g;果实纯水提取物中的总黄酮含量较60%乙醇提取物中的高,而后者的总多酚和总皂苷含量较纯水提取物高,各品种果实黄酮、多酚和皂苷的含量总体差异较大。综合果实品质分析认为,皮瓜尔适合作为果用品种,其他6个品种具备优良油用品种的特征。

The biological characteristics and the active ingredients concentrations of 7 olive fruits varieties of Frantoio, Leccino, Picholine, Erzhi 8, Coratina, Picual and Koroneiki cultivated in Wudu district of Gansu province were investigated. The results showed that the weight of the tested single fruits were ranged from 0.98 g to 6.29 g, pulp contents were 70.63% to 83.90% , moisture contents were 51.59% to 71.27% , fruit shape indexes were 1.34 to 1.89. The weight and the fruit shape index of the tested fruits had significant difference among the 7 varieties. The dry oil contents of pulp were ranged from 43.44% to 57.50% , and the major fatty acids were oleic acid 〉 palmitie acid 〉 linoleic acid 〉 stearic acid 〉 palmitoleic acid. The total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of the tested fruits were ranged from 47.74 - 191.39 μg/g, 9.75 ~ 50.25 μg/g, respectively. The contents of total flavones ex- tracted from the tested fruits with pure water were higher than the extract with 60% ethanol solution, while the con- tents of total polyphenols and saponins extracted with 60% ethanol solution were higher than the extract with water. The contents of the three active ingredients in different 7 varieties olive fruits had significant difference. The Picual olive fruit is suitable for fruit process, but the rest 6 varieties are fit for oil production according to the comprehensive quality of the tested olive fruits.