儿童肺炎支原体感染流行病学的研究进展

Research progress of epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children

肺炎支原体(mycoplasma pneumoniae,MP)是儿童和青少年社区获得性肺炎(community acquired pneumonia CAP)的常见病原体之一,其感染多见于学龄前期和学龄期儿童,发病呈低龄化趋势,无性别差异,同一季节不同地区因气候条件差异其流行特征不同。MP感染一般呈自限性过程,预后良好。但近年报道重症与难治性肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)呈上升趋势,部分患儿甚至出现严重致命并发症。本文就MP感染的病原学特征、流行病学特征及MP的耐药性、MP感染与哮喘关系等内容进行综述。

Mycoplasma pneumonine （MP） is one of the main pathogens causing community-acquired pneumonia in children and adoles- cents, MP infection is commonly observed in preschool and school-age children. The incidence rate of MP infection shows the trend of youn- ger age without gender difference, the epidemic characteristics of MP infection are different in different regions in the same season. MP infec- tion is self-limited, and the prognosis is good. However, severe and refractory MP pneumonia increased in these years, life-threatening complications occur in some patients. This study summarizes etiological characteristics, epidemiological characteristics of MP infection, resist- ance of MP, the relationship between MP infection and asthma.