新疆蛙类遗传多样性与系统发育研究

Analysis of genetic diversity and phylogeny of frogs in Xinjiang

[目的]为了解新疆地区中国林蛙中亚林蛙、中亚侧褶蛙和阿尔泰林蛙的遗传多样性及系统发育。[方法]分别于新疆7个地方采集了4种蛙类共53个个体,对线粒体12S RNA基因进行了扩增和测序。[结果]经过拼接和比对,得到长度为893 bp片段的序列,4种蛙类共定义了21个单倍型,其中,中国林蛙、中亚侧褶蛙和阿尔泰林蛙遗传变异程度高,而中亚林蛙的遗传变异很低。各群体总遗传分化系数Gst为0.367 88,总固定系数Fst为0.871 56,总基因流Nm为0.04。中国林蛙与中亚林蛙之间的遗传距离最大,为0.158,与中亚侧褶蛙之间的遗传距离次之,为0.137,与阿尔泰林蛙之间遗传距离最小,为0.034。聚类分析显示中国林蛙和阿尔泰林蛙聚为一支,中亚林蛙和中亚侧褶蛙聚为一支。[结论]新疆地区的中国林蛙、中亚侧褶蛙和阿尔泰林蛙的遗传多样性丰富,中亚林蛙的遗传多样性较低,各群体遗传分化程度较高。

[ Objective] This research was to clarify the genetic diversity and phylogeny of 4 frog species （R. Chensinensis, R. asiatica ,Pelophylax terentievi and R. altaica） in Xinjiang. [ Methods] 53 individuals of 4 frog species were collected in seven places in Xinjiang. Then, mitochondrial 12S RNA gene was amplified and sequenced. [ Results ] After assembling and sequence alignment,893 bp fragment sequence was obtained finally. The results showed that 21 haplotypes were defined among the 53 gene sequences of 4 frog species. Genetic variation of R. Chensinensis, Pelophylax terentievi and R. altaica were much higher than that of R. asiatica. Among individuals for each population, the total coefficient of genetic differentiation （ Gst ）, fixed coefficient （Fst） and gene flow （Nm） was 0.367 88,0.871 56 and 0.04, respectively. Genetic distance between R. Chensinensis and R. asiatica ,between R. Chensinensis and Pelophylax terentievi ,and between R. Chensinensis and R. altaica was 0. 158,0. 137 and 0. 034, respectively. Cluster analysis showed that R. Chensinensis and R. altaica clustered together; R. asiatica and Pelophylax terentievi clustered together. [ Conclusion] The results indicates that among 4 frog species in Xinjiang, genetic diversity of R. Chensinensis,Pelophylax terentievi and R. altaica is rich, but genetic diversity level of R. asiatica is low. The genetic differentiation degree is high among each population.