概念廓清及其互动机理——当前教学改革中课程与课堂关系的新认识

Concept Clarification and Its Interaction Mechanism——A New Understanding on the Relationship between Curriculum and Classroom in Current Teaching Reform

课程与课堂的概念随时代发展而不断变迁、丰富,中外学者对此有诸多不同注解。课程概念的析出既有立足"国家基准"的社会本位框束,又有基于学校范畴的学科本位取向,还有对教学主体生命意义的应然关照。在现代课程与教学改革中,课程概念的澄明带来了课堂概念的丰富:课堂不再囿于"环境说"与"活动说"的常解而被赋予更多的"生态性"和"生命性"注脚。在廓清概念的基础上理顺彼此关系,不仅有助于明晰课程概念之拓延脉络及其内涵发展,也有益于教育实践中课堂概念范畴的界定及教学问题的针对性解决。尽管课程与课堂的概念生发机制各异,并由此而引发各自话语体系之不同建构,但双方在互动机理上是统一的:课程走进课堂、施于课堂并引领课堂,课堂选择课程、检验课程并发展课程。这种统一性既是基于彼此的逻辑关系的考量,也是教学改革中的实践理性主张,还有课程与课堂互动的"教学生命"立场。因此,两者不仅内涵相通,而且鹄的同一。

The concepts of curriculum and classroom have been changing and abundant with the times, on which scholars from China and other countries have different annotations. The derivation of the concept of the curriculum are based on social standard as＂ national standard＂, discipline-based orientation within school category, and the consideration on the meaning of life of the teaching subject as well. In modern curriculum and teaching reform,the clarification of the concept of curriculum makes the meaning of classroom more abundant：the classroom is no more restricted in the common understanding of＂environment＂or＂activity＂,but entitled more characteristics of＂ecology＂and＂life＂. To disentangle the relation between each other on the base of concept clarification is not only beneficial to the extension and the connotation of the curriculum,but also to the definition of the classroom and the pertinent solution of teaching problems in real educational practice. Though different developmental mechanisms in the concepts of curriculum and classroom lead to the construction of respective discourse systems,they are in the concordant interaction mechanism： the curriculum is introduced,implemented in the classroom and leads the classroom,simultaneously,the classroom will choose,check and develop the curriculum. The concordance is owning to the consideration of the logic relation between each other,the proposition of the practical reason,and the standpoint of＂the teaching life＂of the interaction of curriculum and classroom. Therefore,both connotations are interlinked and their ultimate aims are identical.