略论中国古代的选举制度与人才培养的关系

On Relationship between Election Systems and Talents Training in Ancient China

从培养人才和繁荣学术的角度来看,科举制优于察举制,开放的科举制优于程式化的科举制,学者之间的学术争鸣优于政府机构主导的学术评价,而自由学术研究最有利于学术的繁荣和人才的成长。选举制度和学术争鸣都需要清明的朝政加以保障,朝政腐败了,再好的教育制度也培养不出人才来。历史的经验告诉我们:应该让学者们在学术争鸣中相互评价,制度化的人才评价应该是宽松的、开放的;仅仅通过严密人才评价的制度来防止人才评价中的腐败收效甚微,只有改革整个制度体系,才有可能从根本上治理好人才评价中的腐败,促进学术的繁荣。

From the viewpoint of talents training and academic prosperity,the imperial examination system is superior to the recommendatory system. The open imperial examination system excels the stylized recommendatory system. Academic contention among scholars outmatch academic evaluation guided by governmental institutes, the free academic researches avail academic prosperity and talents training. Election systems and academic contention should be guaranteed by democratic governmental agencies,when corrupted,no talents would be well cultivated no matter how excellent the educational systems are. The historical experience warns us that scholars should be mutually evaluated in their academic contention, the systematized talents evaluation should be made flexible and open; The rigorous talents evaluation system can not prevent the relevant corruption in the process of evaluating talents. Only by reforming the whole institutional system can the corruption in talents evaluation be fundamentally handled and the academic researches be prospered.