大学应该是谁的

An logical Analysis on the Question——“Whose University Is”

大学是谁的,在国内似乎十分清楚——大学是政府的。所以,政府的教育行政机构可以给大学制定各种规则,可以要求大学这样做而不能那样做。然而,若仔细分析大学经费的来源,则可见政府投资大学的钱不是政府自己的,而是纳税人的,因而其主导大学活动的合法性在理论上需要证明。而要解决社会呼吁的政府退出大学的问题,就需要在理论上弄清大学是谁的以及大学的管理权应该交给谁的问题。与我国大学的情况相反,国外的一些公立大学(国立、州立、市立等),虽然也是政府出资举办的,但好像没有人会纠结于大学是谁的问题,人们普遍的看法以及社会的活动机制是(往往以法律为依据),大学是应该自己管理自己的,亦即"大学自治"。纵观世界大学史,虽然大学的所有关系复杂,但其实行"大学自治"的做法,则是比较普遍的。他们的"大学自治"制度及观念,既有大学理论方面的合理性,也有大学实践方面的历史,应该成为我国大学在所有关系方面学习的内容。

It seems very clear that the university is managed by the government. Therefore,the government’s educational agencies can design a variety of rules to universities and require the university to do anything following their way without adoubt. However,if we can give a careful analysis on the sources of funding for universities,it can be clear that the government is not the ultimate investor（because the money is from the taxpayer）,as well as the nature of the organization between the government and universities is different,thus the question about whether government can dominant universities’ activities need to prove in theory. Moreover,since these years when the government started to manage universities,many problems have emerged, which lead to several reform in the university system in the society, and arguments about possession of the university. In order to solve the problem,you need to find out＂ whose university is＂ in theory,and solve the problem about the management of the university. In contrast,some foreign public universities,which sponsored by the government, are managed by themselves. It is＂ university autonomy＂ that public and the whole society can adapt,which is also acknowledged in legal. The attitude of the government to the university is：support and not control.That is, the government can provide funds to universities, but can not interfere in the internal affairs of the university.Throughout the history of the world university, although the possession of university is complex, it is more common to implement＂university autonomy＂. Their systems and concepts are not only rational,also have the historical facts of university practice,which should be learned and referenced by our country.