某县幼儿园及中小学近3年呼吸道传染病流行情况分析

In Kindergarten and Primary and Secondary Aanlysis of Epidemic Situation of Respiratory Infectious Disease in Recent 3 Years

目的对该县近3年来幼儿园及中小学呼吸道传染病情况进行分析汇总,探讨呼吸道传染病的防治。方法纳入2012年1月—2014年12月期间该县幼儿园及部分中小学呼吸道传染病患者,根据呼吸道传染病患者的发病情况进行记录分析,观察患者基本资料以及呼吸道传染病分布及发病情况。结果幼儿园及中小学校园呼吸道传染病发病率逐年上升,2014年时发病率明显高于前2年,P<0.05;在幼儿园中呼吸道传染病以手足口病为主要发病病种,发病率高达47.92%,明显高于其他呼吸道传染病发病率,P<0.05;在中小学中呼吸道传染病以流感为主要发病病种,发病率高达55.46%,明显高于其他呼吸道传染病发病率,P<0.05。结论该县幼儿园及中小学校园近年来呼吸道传染病呈明显上升趋势。幼儿园以手足口病的预防为主,中小学以流感的预防为主,同时加强幼儿及中小学学生免疫疫苗的加强免疫以及传染病管理规范和监管力度,可有效预防幼儿园及中小学呼吸道传染病的发病情况。

Objective To analyze and summarize the infectious diseases of respiratory tract in kindergartens and primary and secondary schools in the past three years in our county, and to explore the prevention and treatment of respiratory dis-eases. Methods According to the epidemiology, the patients with respiratory tract infection in our county and some primary and secondary schools were included in the January 2012 to December 2014. The basic data and the distribution and the incidence of respiratory tract infections were observed. Results The incidence of respiratory diseases in kindergartens and primary and secondary schools increased year by year, and the incidence rate was significantly higher than that in the previ-ous two years, P〈0.05;the incidence rate was 47.92%, significantly higher than that of other respiratory diseases, P〈0.05;In primary and middle school, respiratory tract infection is the main disease, the incidence rate is 55.46%, significantly higher than other respiratory infectious diseases, P〈0.05. Conclusion In recent years, there is a clear upward trend in the respira-tory tract infections in the county and the primary and middle schools in the county. The prevention of hand foot and mouth disease in kindergarten, primary and secondary school to influenza prevention, and strengthen the immune vaccine of chil-dren and primary and secondary school students to strengthen the immune and infectious disease management standards and regulatory efforts, can effectively prevent the incidence of respiratory diseases in kindergartens and primary and secondary schools.