水氮耦合对干热区小粒咖啡产量和品质的影响

Effect of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Yield and Quality of Arabica Coffee in Dry-hot Area

为探明干热区小粒咖啡优质高产的水肥管理模式,通过连续2 a大田试验研究旱季4个灌水水平（充分灌水W1和亏缺灌水W2、W3、W4,W2、W3和W4灌水量分别为W1的80%、60%和40%）和3个施氮水平（N1：140 g/棵、N2：100 g/棵和N3：60 g/棵,纯氮量）对小粒咖啡产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响,并通过主成分分析对综合营养品质进行评价。结果表明,与W4相比,提高灌水量可增加干豆产量42.8%~151.0%、生豆中绿原酸含量16.9%~31.5%,水分利用效率随灌水量的提高先增后减,W2的水分利用效率最大。与N3相比,提高施氮量增加干豆产量、水分利用效率、生豆中蛋白质和绿原酸含量分别为32.9%~42.6%、32.0%~45.8%、5.9%~9.7%和7.0%~12.6%,N2的干豆产量和水分利用效率最大。与W4N3相比,提高水氮用量能同时增加干豆产量和水分利用效率,分别增加22.0%~307.5%和18.2%~205.3%。W1N2处理获得2 a的最大均产,为5 587.42 kg/hm2。主成分分析结果表明,W2N2的综合营养品质最优,而水氮不协调会导致品质下降。与W4N3相比,W2N2显著提高干豆产量、水分利用效率和生豆中蛋白质和绿原酸含量,降低粗纤维含量。因此,从优质高产角度考虑,干热区小粒咖啡的水氮耦合模式为W2N2组合。

The yield and quality of arabica coffee cannot be guaranteed because of serious contradictory of water and heat,soil impoverishment and serious seasonal drought in Yunnan dry-hot valley. The objective of the research was to explore water and fertilizer management mode for good quality and proper yield of arabica coffee. Four levels of irrigation in dry season,i. e.,sufficient irrigation level（ W1） and three deficit irrigation levels（ W2,W3 and W4）,were designed with irrigation amounts for W2,W3 and W4as80%,60% and 40% of W1,respectively,and three levels of nitrogen,i. e.,N1（ 140 g /plant）,N2（ 100 g /plant）,N3（ 60 g /plant）,were applied. The effect of drip irrigation and nitrogen levels on yield,quality and water use efficiency（ WUE） of arabica coffee was studied by field experiments for two consecutive years,and the comprehensive nutritional quality was evaluated by principal component analysis. The results showed that compared with W4 treatment,improving irrigation amount increased dry bean yield and chlorogenic acid of dry bean by 42. 8% ~ 151. 0% and 16. 9% ~ 31. 5%,respectively.WUE was firstly increased and then decreased with irrigation amount,WUE of W2 treatment was the largest. Improving nitrogen application rate increased dry bean yield,WUE,protein and chlorogenic acid of dry bean by 32. 9% ~ 42. 6%,32. 0% ~ 45. 8%,5. 9% ~ 9. 7% and 7. 0% ~ 12. 6%,respectively,and the yield of dry bean and WUE of N2 were the largest compared with N3 treatment. Compared with W4N3 treatment,improving irrigation amount and nitrogen application rate could increase dry bean yield and WUE by 22. 0% ~ 307. 5% and 18. 2% ~ 205. 3%,respectively. W1N2 treatment obtained the largest average dry bean yield of 5 587. 42 kg / hm2 in two years. Principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive nutritional quality of W2N2 treatment was the best,and in coordination between water and nitrogen resulted in decrease of yield and quality. Compared with W4N3,W2N2 treatment increased dry bean yield and WUE greatly,meanwhile it increased protein and chlorogenic acid but reduced fiber of dry bean significantly. On the basis of water-saving and high efficiency along with good quality and proper yield,the suitable mode of water and nitrogen management of arabica coffee was the combination of W2 and N2treatments（ W2N2） in arid-hot area.