从权力监督到权利制约——规制刑法解释主体自由裁量权的合理路径

From Power Supervision to Power and Benefit Limitation:Rational Approach to Regulating the Discretionary Power of Criminal Law Interpreting Subjects

规制刑法解释主体的自由裁量权,是为了维护刑法的确定性,进而维护法治。从当下的实践来看,我国主要是以"权力监督"的思路来规制刑法解释主体的自由裁量权,强调权力机关内部的分工与相互监督。然而,这一思路带有天然悖论性,在现实运行中也产生了许多问题,从根本上侵蚀着我国刑法解释的正当性。诱发刑法解释正当性危机的根本原因在于权力运作的自我封闭,以至于难以对公众真正负责。解决问题的路径是实现权力运作从封闭向开放的转向,采用"权利制约"的思路。这一思路的落实,需要坚持"入罪合法,出罪合理"与"庭审中心主义"两大原则。

The regulation of the discretionary power of criminal law interpreting subjects aims at maintaining the certainty of criminal law and the ruling by law. At present, power is a major means concerned. It is argued that such a way is not rational and that the limitation of power and benefit is a more proper approach. Accordingly, two principles must be abi- ded by, i.e. ＂legally convicted and rationally acquitted＂ and ＂court trial - centered- ness＂.