乳腺癌骨髓播散肿瘤细胞的研究进展

Recent research of the disseminated tumor cells in breast cancer

远处转移是导致乳腺癌患者死亡的根本原凶。转移的过程包括肿瘤细胞从原发病灶脱落、侵入血管、在血液中循环、游离出血管、种植于远处器官、增殖形成转移灶，只有完成这一系列过程才能最终形成远处转移。微小转移是指存在于淋巴结、外周血、骨髓中的不能被常规手段检测到的肿瘤细胞，其中存在于血循环中的微小转移为循环肿瘤细胞，存在于骨髓中的微小转移称为播散肿瘤细胞，众多研究旨在鉴定及特征化微量的播散肿瘤细胞，并对此加以研究，以此评估预后、指导治疗，因而从根本上治愈肿瘤。本文就近年来乳腺癌播散肿瘤细胞的检测、生物学意义及临床相关性综述如下。

The distant metastases is the major cause of death in patients with breast cancer. Metastasis of tumor cells is defined to be a series process including tumor cells shedding from the primary lesion, intruding and circulating in blood vessels, implantation into distant organs and developing into metastasis lesion, only complete the series process can eventually form a distant metastasis. Micrometastasis refers to exist in lymph nodes, peripheral blood and bone marrow, yet conventional testing method usually does not reveal it, the presence of tumor cells in blood called circulating tumor cells, and the tumor cells in bone marrow called disseminated tumor ceils. In order to predict and prevent tumor spreading and acquire therapeutic strategy, many attempts are being made to detect small numbers of tumor cells that have shed from the primary lesions. This article presents the techniques used for disseminated tumor cells detection, clinical relevance and biological questions for the recent a few years.