体育师资实践能力培养的困境与破解——基于能力导向全程实践教学路径的构建

The Dilemma and Solution of the Sports Teachers,Practice Ability——Based on the Construction of Capability-oriented Whole Practice Teaching Path

素质教育的实施、"健康第一"指导思想的树立、"全国亿万学生阳光体育运动"的开展,对体育教师专业素质提出了新的要求。"软"能力是职业人在职业生涯中取得成功不可或缺的重要因素,当前体育师资实践教学普遍存在较注重专业知识和运动技能"硬"能力培养,而忽视或弱化了非技能层面"软"能力,即职业化能力。缺乏职业素养,学生进入工作岗位后,无法适应体育专业工作岗位,很难展示其专业技能。本文通过分析当前体育师资实践能力培养的困境,认为传统实践教学环节相对独立,在课程体系中处于附属地位;实践环节在时间上相对集中,无法实现课程之间融通;在空间上相对固定,很难实现多层次实践目标。基于此,本文从"能力"的角度对体育教育专业的核心能力进行分析,引入"全程实践"理念,将人才培养全程中所有实践环节作为一个整体来总体布局,构建了基于能力导向全程实践教学路径:问题取向的研讨教学;任务驱动的运动技术教学;体育师范生基本功培养;运动能力与职业能力双向促进;职业资格证实践教学模式;第三方评价体系。

The implementation of quality education, the guiding ideology of ＂health first＂ setting and the development of ＂ national students sunny sports＂ has put forward new requirements for physical education teachers professional quality. Internal power is an indispensable important factor for professional people to succeed in his career. The current sports teachers pay more attention on professional knowledge and sports techniques but ignore the ability professionalization. The students lacking of professionalism cannot adapt to jobs of professional sports and difficult to show their professional techniques. This paper analyzes the current dilemma of cultivating the ability of sports teaching practice, considering that the traditional practice teaching is relatively independent, which is in a subsidiary position in the curriculum system. Practice relatively concentrates on the time, which cannot achieve accommodation between courses, and it is relatively fixed on the space, which is difficult to achieve multi-level practice. Based on this, this article analyzes the core competence of physical education major from the angle of ＂capacity＂, introduces the concept of ＂whole practice＂ and taking all practice in the talent training as a whole to construct whole capability-oriented practice teaching ability path： problem orientation seminar teaching; task driven movement technology teaching; sports students＇ basic skills training; sports ability and vocational ability improvement; vocational qualifications practice teaching mode and the third party evaluation system.