锌空气电池锌负极研究进展

Research status of zinc anode for zinc-air batteries

在可再生能源发电和电动汽车技术领域,发展能量密度高、安全可靠、绿色无污染的锌空气电池具有重要社会经济价值。但锌空气电池负极存在的问题严重影响了电池的使用性。本文从析氢腐蚀、枝晶生长、电极形变和钝化4个方面介绍锌空气电池负极的研究状况,深入分析无机缓蚀剂、有机缓蚀剂和混合缓蚀剂对析氢腐蚀的抑制作用;讨论添加剂、隔膜和操作条件对枝晶形成与生长的影响;阐述电极形变的机理与常见的解决方法;简述锌负极钝化发生的原因和对电池性能的影响。研究结果表明,电化学可充的锌空气电池比一次锌空气电池更具有市场前景,进一步抑制析氢腐蚀仍是今后锌负极研究的重点,提高循环过程的容量与功率稳定性是满足实际应用的关键。

In renewable energy power generation and electric vehicle technology,the development of high energy density,safe,reliable and pollution-free zinc-air batteries is of important social and economic value. However,some problems of zinc anode has seriously hindered its application. Therefore,this paper systematically reviews the progress on corrosion,dendrite formation,shape change and passivation of zinc anode. The inhibition effects of inorganic corrosion inhibitors,organic corrosion inhibitors and mixed corrosion inhibitors on hydrogen evolution are introduced,and the effects of additives,separators and operating conditions on the formation and growth of dendrite are discussed. The mechanism of shape change and the common solutions are reviewed,and the causes of passivation and its effects are described briefly. The analysis shows that the electrically rechargeable zinc-air batteries have more market prospects than the primary ones. Also,the inhibition of hydrogen corrosion is still the focus toward zinc anode studies in the future,and improving the capacity and power stability during cycling is the key to the practical application.