纳米酶在葡萄糖分析检测中的应用研究进展

Recent Advances of Nanozymes in Glucose Detection

即时、准确的监控血糖和尿糖的变化对于糖尿病的早期诊断及血糖控制具有重要意义。自从2004年报道金纳米簇具有磷酸转移酶样催化活性以来,多种具备酶样催化活性的纳米材料被发现,包括过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、氧化酶等。与天然酶相比,纳米酶具有成本低廉、制备简单、易于保存运输、环境耐受性高等优点。利用纳米酶进行葡萄糖分析检测有望降低检测成本,提高检测系统稳定性。本文总结了金属纳米颗粒、金属氧化物、金属硫化物、碳基材料以及复合材料等多种纳米酶检测系统在葡萄糖分析检测中的特点、检测限和检测范围,并对纳米酶研究面临的挑战及前景进行展望。

Instant and accurate detection of glucose level in blood and urine is of great significance to the early diagnosis and glucose monitoring of diabetes. Since gold nanocluster was found to have intrinsic phosphotransferase-like catalytic activity in 2004, various enzyme-like activities were reported in nanomaterials （nanozymes）, such as peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and oxidase. Compared with natural enzymes, nanozymes are of low cost, easy to be prepared, stored and transported, resistant to harsh conditions. Application of nanozymes in glucose detection will prospectively reduce the costs and improve the stability. The recent advances of various nanozymes including nanoparticles of metal, metal oxides, metal sulfides, carbon based materials and composite materials were introduced with emphasis on their advantages over natural enzymes, limits in the detection and linear working range in glucose detection. Challenges and prospects regarding the nanozyme research were also outlined in this review.