中国老年听障者病因调查分析

Etiological Investigation and Analysis on Hearing Loss of Chinese People over 60 Years Old

目的调查引起老年人听力损失的主要原因。方法用自行设计的问卷对全国14个省份22个地区的60岁以上听障者展开病因调查,并进行听力检查。结果在引起老年人听力障碍的病因中,中耳炎占10.5%,遗传性聋占2.9%,噪声性聋占3%,药物性聋占6.4%,外伤占2%,老年性聋占33.8%,突发性聋占1%,其他占36.2%,11.3%病因未明。结论老年性聋是引起我国老年人听力障碍的主要原因,其次是中耳炎。不同年龄段、不同地域老年人听力障碍的原因有所不同,城镇和农村引起老年人听力损失的原因不同。

Objective To investigate the causes of hearing loss for people over 60 years old. Methods People more than 60 years old in 14 provinces, 22 districts were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire, and a hearing test was also done for every subject. Results Among all the subjects, the etiological factors of hearing loss were otitis media （10.5%）, hereditary deafness （2.9%）, noise-induced hearing loss （3%）, ototoxic deafness （6.4%）, traumatic deafness （2%）, presbycusis （33.8%）, sudden deafness （1%） and other reasons （36.2%）, respectively, with 11.3% unknown. Conclusion Presbycusis is the main reason of hearing loss for old people, and otitis media is the second. The cause of hearing loss is different with ages, districts, and whether in rural areas.