应用技术大学发展路径分析

Analysis on the Developmental Pattern for the University of Applied Sciences

推动应用型高等教育发展、促进高等教育多样化是世界高等教育发展的基本趋势。国家引导普通本科高校向应用技术类高校转型,发展本科层次的职业教育,其目的就在于优化高等教育结构,促进高等教育的多样化,构建现代职业教育体系。针对国家在推动普通本科院校转型发展过程中显露出的一些问题,建议从四方面进行一些尝试:一是制定科学合理的应用技术大学建设标准,明确哪些普通本科院校适合向应用技术大学转型,让适合转型的高校因为有了明确的建设目标而不再持观望态度;二是可将院校整体转型与专业转型相结合,既要引导部分普通本科院校整体向应用技术大学转型,又要允许和鼓励部分高校通过专业转型(升级),开展本科层次职业教育,在促进高等教育类型多样化的同时,积极扩大高校内部多样性;三是可以试点四年制高职,开拓应用技术大学发展的新思路;四是通过政策引领与自由发展相结合,充分发挥政策调控作用,促进部分普通本科院校加快转型,并实施分类管理,同时赋予各类高校适当的办学自主权,允许其"自由"选择发展道路。

To promote the development of applied higher education,and diversification of higher education is the basic tendency of the world higher education development. The purpose for the country to guide the ordinary colleges and universities to transform into the application- based universities and vocational education is to optimize the higher education structure,to promote the diversification of higher education and to construct the modern vocational education system. In view of the problems in the process of transformation of ordinary colleges and universities,four pieces of suggestions are put forward to guide the transformation： firstly,to establish the scientific and reasonable construction standard for the applied colleges and universities,and to clarify the type of universities which to be transformed,in order to have the proper universities to be transformed get the clear construction purpose without any hesitation; secondly,to combine the transformation of integral transformation and specialty transformation,that is,to guide partial colleges and universities to transform integrally,while to allow and encourage partial universities to promote the vocational education,in order to expand the diversity of the colleges and universities; thirdly,to try the four- year vocational education,and to expand the new thoughts of applied universities development; fourthly,to combine the policy guidance and free development,making fully use of the control of policy,to promote the partial ordinary universities to speed transformation,to implement classification management,to give the proper auto school running right,and to allow themselves to choose the developmental pattern.