山西绛县方言指示代词“这、乃、兀”与结构助词“的”的语法共性

The Similarities Between Demonstrative Pronoun“zhai,wai,nai”and Structural Particle“de”in Dialect of Jiangxian,Shanxi

绛县方言指示代词"这"、"兀/乃"与结构助词"的"具有语法共性,与普通话"这"相比,绛县方言的"这"更加虚化,已能自由出现在关系从句甚至无核关系从句之后替代结构助词"的";"兀/乃"比"这"的虚化更加彻底,远指功能已经消失。"这"、"兀/乃"的结构助词功能应该经过重新分析。但"这"、"兀/乃"还不能完全替代"的",主要原因是其指示功能还存在,宾语位置的非定指特点使得指示词的出现还不自由。在形容词后"这"、"兀/乃"与"的"没有语法共性。

There are some grammatical similarities between demonstrative pronoun ＂zhai （这）/wai （那）/nai（乃）＂ and structural particle ＂de（的）＂. Compared with that in Mandarin , ＂zhai（这）＂ in Jiangxian dialect, is more grammaticalized. It can be used to replace the structural particle ＂de（的）＂, following a headless relative clause or relative clause. With the function of distal terms disappearing, ＂wai（兀）/nai （乃）＂ is more grammaticalized than ＂zhai （这） ＂. Structural particle function of ＂zhai （这） ＂, ＂wai （兀） / nai （乃）＂ should be reanalyzed. Since ＂zhai（这）＂, ＂wai（兀）/nai（乃）＂ still perform the demonstrative function, they can not replace ＂de（的）＂ in all situations, neither can they be used freely because of the indefiniteness feature where an object appears. There is nothing in common between ＂zhai（这）＂ and ＂wai（兀）/ nai（乃）＂ when they follow an adjective attribute.