赤潮生物夜光藻的研究进展

Research Advance of Noctiluca scintillans

夜光藻为一种常见的赤潮生物,也是我国沿岸引起赤潮最普遍的原因种之一。不同海区、不同环境条件下影响夜光藻生长的环境因子有所不同。夜光藻的摄食方式比较特殊,食物种类范围较广,但小的食物颗粒(5μm以下)(包括细菌)并非夜光藻的优良食物。在繁殖方面,二分裂的无性繁殖为夜光藻的主要繁殖方式;同时少数营养细胞会自发转变为配子细胞产生大量配子进行有性繁殖,有性繁殖对夜光藻种群的增长作用目前尚不明确。夜光藻的大量繁殖会对水生动物、浮游动物、浮游植物以及水体营养盐(N,P)等产生很大影响。夜光藻赤潮的形成是个复杂过程,需要物理、化学、生物、气象等多重因素的综合影响。目前可以通过西太平洋副热带高压的变化和赤潮前期的细胞密度以及当月的天气预报(风速、刮风时长)来预测夜光藻赤潮的发生。其他气候现象,如厄尔尼诺效应与夜光藻赤潮之间的联系,以及它能否为夜光藻赤潮预报提供关键因子还需要在未来的工作中做进一步的研究。

Noctiluca scintillans is one of the most prominent ＂red tide＂ organisms found in the coastal wa- ters of the world. The environmental factors that affect the growth of N. scintillans are different in distinct coastal areas and conditions. The feeding behavior of N. scintillans is special and the range of food species is wide, among which small food particles with 5 μm size below （including bacteria） are not considered to be an excellent choice. Asexual reproduction by binary fission was the main kind of reproduction in N. scintillans. Meanwhile, a small fraction of trophonts transform into gametogenic cell and produce abundant gamete, the contribution of which is unclear for the growth of population. A large number of N. scintillans have great influ-ences on aquatic animals, zooplankton, phytoplankton and nutrients （N, P） in water. Forming of N. scintillans red tide is a complex process, which needs the combined effects of multiple factors including physical, chemi- cal, biological and meteorological factor. The changes of the West Pacific subtropical high as well as the abun dance of N. scintillans in the preceding months and weather forecasts （wind velocity and windy hours per month） which may be used for prediction of N. scintillans outbursts and red tide. Whether there is a connection be- tween E1 Nino intensity and N. scintiUans red tide and it can provide the key factor for prediction, which needs further research in the future.