汽车方向盘动静态特性分析

Dynamic and Static Analysis of Steering Wheel

为了验证某车方向盘的各项动静态特性是否满足设计要求,本文基于有限元方法对其进行约束模态分析。其第一阶约束模态频率为40.2Hz,处于发动机激励频率范围之外,可有效避免其发生共振。抗扭分析结果表明,其250N·M工况时的最大弹性变形角度为0.55°,永久变形角度为9.6E-5°。当在轴心位置加载1470N进行强度分析时的最大变形为0.8mm,卸载后的最大变形为1.49E-4mm。通过对方向盘进行压穿80mm断裂分析,其最大应力为497.7MPa,小于其材料抗拉强度,分析结果表明方向盘的各项特性均满足设计要求。

Aiming at verifying whether the static and dynamic characteristics of a vehicle steering wheel meet the design requirements, based on finite elements, the paper makes the constraint modal analysis on the steering wheel. The result shows that the first constraint modal frequency is at 40.2Hz, which is out of the range of excita- tion frequency of engine idle speed, so the resonance will be effectively avoided. The torsion analysis shows that the maximum elastic deformation angle is 0.55° when loading 250N （M, and the permanent deformation is 9.6E-5° when unloading. The maximum deformation is 0.8mm when loading 1470N on axle centre, and the permanent deformation is 1.49E-4mm when unloading. The maximum stress is 497.7MPa according to an 80mm pressure wear fracture analysis, which is less than material tensile strength. The analysis results show that the characteristics of the steering wheel meet the design requirements.