自我管理与健康教育在糖尿病足预防中的效果分析

The Effects of Self-management and Health Education on the Prevention of Diabetic Foot

目的分析自我管理与健康教育在糖尿病足预防中的效果。方法选择2013年4月—2015年4月来该中心就诊的124例糖尿病患者,随机分为两组,观察组与对照组,每组各62例患者。对照组给予常规护理;观察组在常规护理基础上给予健康教育和自我管理。并完成患者的糖尿病足预防相关知识的掌握调查,足部自我管理状况、足部皮肤及供血状况进行比较。结果护理干预前观察组与对照组知识得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后6个月,两组患者知识得分均明显高于干预前,而且观察组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。护理干预前,观察组与对照组的足部自我管理状况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),护理干预6个月后,观察组足部自我管理状况明显好于对照组(P<0.05)。护理干预前,两组患者足部皮肤及供血状况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理干预6个月后,观察组足部皮肤发凉、足部皮肤干燥、皲裂、足麻木感均状况改善程度高于对照组(P<0.05),而足感觉迟钝两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论健康教育与自我管理使患者对糖尿病足知识掌握更好、足部自我管理水平升高及足部皮肤、供血状况明显改善,有效预防糖尿病足。

Objective To investigate the effects of self-management and health education on the prevention of diabetic foot. Methods 124 cases with diabetic foot were selected from April 2013 to April 2015 in our Center, which were randomly di-vided into two groups, the observation group and the control group, 62 patients in each group. The control group received routine care;the observation group was given health education and self-management on the base of routine care. The survey on grasp about the knowledge of diabetic foot prevention, self-management of feet, and foot skin and blood supply were compared. Results Before nursing intervention, knowledge score between the observation group and the control group was no difference（P〉0.05）; after 6 months of the intervention, the knowledge score of two groups was significantly higher than before the intervention, and the observation group was significantly higher than control group （P〈0.05）. Before nursing inter-vention, foot self-management situation between the observation group and the control group was no difference（P〉0.05）; af-ter 6 months of the intervention, the foot self-management situation of observation group was significantly higher than con-trol group（P〈0.05）. Before nursing intervention, foot skin and blood supply between the observation group and the control group was no difference（P〉0.05）; after 6 months of the intervention, foot skin cold, foot, dry skin, chapped, foot numbness average condition of observation group was significantly higher than control group（P〈0.05）, but the difference was enough sensation is still not clear （P〉0.05）. Conclusion Patients can have a better grasp of diabetic foot knowledge, improve self-man-agement and foot foot skin, blood supply situation and prevent diabetic foot effectively health education and self-management.