心理援助热线多次自杀未遂行为来电者的特征

The characteristics of psychological aids hotline callers with repeated attempted suicides

目的探索心理援助热线来电者多次自杀未遂行为的特征及有关因素。方法北京市心理援助热线2002年12月至2008年12月接听来电中,4519例曾有单次或多次自杀未遂行为的来电者纳入研究。来电过程中评估来电者抑郁情绪和其他精神症状,并询问其物质滥用、躯体健康、生活事件、亲友自杀史、无望感、被虐待、害怕被攻击、精神卫生咨询或治疗史等自杀相关因素的情况。结果 4519例曾有自杀未遂行为来电者中,有多次自杀未遂行为来电者2078例（46.0%）。控制年龄、性别、婚姻状况、受教育年限、本地居住时间和工作状况等因素进行多因素分层logistic回归分析,被虐待（OR=1.346,95%CI：1.083-1.672）、害怕被攻击（OR=1.266,95%CI：1.006-1.594）、亲友自杀史（OR=1.168,95%CI：1.001-1.363）、无望感（OR=1.196,95%CI：1.025-1.396）、精神卫生咨询或治疗史（OR=0.734,95%CI：0.625-0.863）与来电者多次自杀未遂行为有关（P〈0.05）。结论对于有自杀未遂行为来电者,要注意评估其是否有虐待史、害怕被攻击、无望感、亲友自杀史和曾接受精神卫生咨询或治疗等5个特征,从而有针对性地进行关于自杀的热线干预工作。

Objective To Compare characteristics between the psychological aids hotline callers who had single attempted suicide and those callers who had repeated attempted suicide.MethodsThe analysis was conducted on the database of Beijing psychological aids hotline from Dec., 2002 to Dec., 2008. All the effective callers were consulted by professional hotline operators. During the calling, the callers were interviewed on their attempted suicides, depression and11 correlates associated with caller＇s suicidal behaviors.ResultsAmong 4519 callers who had attempted suicide, 2441（54%） of them had attempted suicide once, and the other 2078（46.0%） callers had repeated suicide attempts. After adjusted for gender, age, and the other 4 demographic variables, history of being abused（OR=1.35, 95%CI： 1.08-1.67）,afraid of being attack（OR=1.35, 95%CI： 1.01-1.59）, relatives or associates with prior suicidal behavior history（OR=1.17, 95%CI： 1.001-1.36）, hopelessness（OR=1.20, 95%CI： 1.02-1.40）, and psychological treatment history（OR=0.73,95%CI： 0.62-0.86） were associated with repeated suicide among hotline callers.ConclusionsTo improve the effectiveness of hotline based suicide prevention, assessment of risk of repeated attempted suicide among the callers with a history of prior attempted suicide should focus on the history of being abused, afraid of being attack, hopelessness, relatives or associates with prior suicide history, and psychological treatment history.