新中国基础教育管理体制改革:历程、经验与启示

Reform of Administrative System in Basic Education Since Establishment of New China:Experiences and Enlightenment

基础教育管理体制改革主要涉及中央与地方政府、地方政府与学校在基础教育管理上的权力隶属与分配等内容。新中国成立以来我国基础教育管理体制改革的历程表明:在中央统一领导与地方政府积极参与下的分工负责、分级管理教育体制的建立,各级政府管理责任强化、对农村基础教育关注度的加大是基础教育发展成效显著的重要原因;而教育管理权力下放过度、政府一元的单线式管理模式和重效率、轻公平的教育价值取向则束缚了基础教育的发展。全面梳理我国基础教育管理体制的变迁过程,对当前深化基础教育改革具有重要的启迪意义。

The reform of basic educational administrative system contains subjection and allocation of educational management authorities between central government and local governments,as well as between local government and schools.The reform in our country since the establishment of new China showed that the establishment of educational administrative system which was featured by classified regulation and divided responsibilities under the administration of central-government-leaded and local-government-participated, the solidarity of responsibilities for governments at all levels and the attentions to rural education were cardinal factors for great development of Chinese basic education. However,these factors such as the excessive decentralization of central government,the government-centralized and linear management model, and the orientation that government payed more attention to educational productivity than to educational fairness have hindered the advance of the reform. Exploring the transition of basic educational management reform comprehensively, and summing up experiences are meaningful to further deepening of the current educational reform.