经营主体、经营方式与我国现代农业发展

Management Subject, Management Mode and Modern Agriculture Development in China

针对目前中国农业发展方式转变问题中的一些模糊认识,在充分借鉴农业发展国际经验的基础上加以剖析。研究认为,农户家庭经营是我国农业生产,特别是种植业生产的主要经营形式,必须在政策上对工商资本大规模进入农业生产领域予以一定的限制;在未来相当长的时期内,中国农业在总体上无法实现户均数百亩或数千亩的大规模经营,对通过土地流转获取经营土地的经营者必须有一定规模限制,或者削减对过大规模经营者的扶持力度;农户兼业是世界各国农业经营的普遍状态,具有经济上的合理性,必须完善对兼业农户的支持服务政策,以稳定农户农业收入;必须健全和强化以农业生产者为对象的农业服务体系建设,提高农户在纵向产业链中的风险规避和谈判能力,使产业链利益分配更为公平。

Aiming at some vague understandings of Chinese agricultural development mode changing, based on the international experience of agricultural development, the paper thought that household management was the agricultural production of China, especially the main planting production management form, whose policy must be restricted to some extent during the process of industry and commerce capital enter the field of agricultural production; for quite a long time in the future, Chinese agriculture could not achieve a large scale operation mode of ＂one household for hundreds of acres, or for thousands of acres＂. The operators who got lands by land transfer must be limited in certain degrees, or supports of operators in large-scale should be cut. The situation of farmers engaged in other vocations at the same time was a common state of agricultural operation in the world with economic rationality, thus, the support service policy must be improved, in order to guarantee a stable agricultural income of farmers; agricultural service system construction should be strengthened whose objects were the agricultural producers; the risk avoidance and negotiating capacities of farmers should be improved in the vertical industry chain, which would make industry chain profit distribution more equitable.