渔船民参与式血吸虫病健康教育传播材料的研制与应用

Development and application of communication materials for participatory health education of schistosomiasis in fishermen and boatmen of Poyang Lake region

目的研制适用于湖沼型流行区渔船民的新型血防健康教育传播材料,并观察其应用效果。方法在鄱阳湖血吸虫病流行区余干县后山村随机选择292名成年村民开展血防知、信、行调查,并采用专题小组讨论法、个人访谈和专家咨询法,由项目研究人员与试点村渔船民志愿者共同研究,确定适于渔船民血防健康教育的核心信息和传播材料形式。结果设计制作了以渔船民为目标人群的参与式血吸虫病健康教育系列材料,包括两张实景张贴画、两块趣味拼图板、两个本土化血防小品、一首血防歌曲,并应用在血吸虫病流行区渔船民社区。现场应用效果显示,认为该系列健康教育传播材料具有科学性、可理解性、趣味性和适用性的预试验对象分别占98.97%、84.38%、78.35%、80.93%。结论参与式健康教育传播材料适合在渔船民中应用,该方式可供湖沼型血吸虫病流行区渔船民健康教育工作借鉴使用。

Objective To design and develop new types of health education materials which are suitable for fishermen and boatmen in endemic areas of marshland and lake regions, and to observe their application effects. Methods A total of 292 adult fishmen and boatmen who lived in Houshan Village, Yugan County, the schistosomiasis endemic area of Poyang Lake Region, were selected randomly and investigated by questionnaires to understand the status of their knowledge, attitudes, practic- es on schistosomiasis control as well as the channels for getting information on schistosomiasis control and the materials that they were willing to accept. Then the information and materials suitable for the target population were developed together by the re- searchers and the volunteers of the villagers through focus group discussions, personal interviews and the Delphi method. Resuits A series of participatory health education materials of schistosomiasis control targeted to the fishmen and boatmen were developed, including 2 live posters, 2 picture puzzles, 2 short opusculums and one song about schistosomiasis control. The field application showed that 98.97%, 84.38%, 78.35% and 80.93% of the participants considered those materials had scientificity, intelligibility, interestingness and practicability, respectively, Conclusion The participatory health education materials of schistosomiasis control is suitable for fishmen and boatmen, which can be used for reference by other endemic areas in marshland and lake regions.