哲学人学的前提批判——兼谈马克思主义的人学自由观

Critics on the premise of philosophical anthropology: a touch on Marxist freedom conception on anthropology

人的自由问题是哲学人学的前提性问题。西方传统哲学对这个问题的解答主要有机械决定论、非决定论和自由意志论等几种基本观点 ,而当代西方哲学中又出现了调和论、取消论等 ,但所有这些理论都在不同程度上陷入偏颇和困惑。国内学术界以往对马克思主义的人学自由观的研究也存在着诸多误区 ,通过全面考察马克思经典著作中的有关论述 ,可以得出结论 :马克思主义的人学自由观实质上是一种立足于现实性。

The issue of man's freedom is the premise of philosophical anthropology. The answers to this issue by the traditional western philosophy are basic views such as mechanical determinism, indeterminism and libertarianism, and so on. In the current western philosophy, there appear some other views such as eliminatism, compatibilism, all of which fall into either the paradox or the confusion to various degrees. In the Chinese academy, the studies on the Marxist theory of anthropological freedom fall into paradoxes. A comprehensive study of the relevant arguments in Marx's works may lead to a conclusion that Marx's view on philosophical anthropology is a kind of dialectical libertarianism on the realistic, practical and dialectical-open bases.