中国最低工资相对水平估计

Estimating the Relative Level of Minimum Wage in China

为了使最低工资和平均工资具有可比性，文章对最低工资和平均工资的口径分别进行调整。如果在计算平均工资时加入城镇私营单位和个体就业人员，最低工资与平均工资的比值将上升6个百分点左右；如果各地最低工资标准包含个人缴纳的社会保险和住房公积金，最低工资与平均工资的比值将提高0.8个百分点；如果在平均工资中扣除加班工资，最低工资与平均工资的比值至少还会上升6个百分点左右。此外，如果以工资中位数度量平均工资，最低工资与平均工资的比值至少还会上升8个百分点。经过上述调整，2013年中国最低工资与平均工资的比值从28％上升到49％，已达到公认的40％～60％的合理水平。文章研究表明，从保护劳动者的实际利益出发，目前中国统一最低工资和平均工资口径或许比提高最低工资标准更加紧迫。最低工资政策要取得预期效果，不能仅提高标准，还应加强企业对最低工资政策执行情况的监督和检查。

In order to make the minimum wage and average wage comparable, this paper individually adjusts the caliber of minimum wage and the average wage. If the calculation of the average wage combines the urban private units with those self-employed,the minimum wage accounted for the proportion of the average wage will rise by about 6 percentage points. If the minimum wage contains social insurance and housing accumulation fund, the minimum wage accounted for the proportion of the average wage will increase by 0.8 percentage points. If the average wage does not include overtime pay, the minimum wage accounted for the proportion of the average wage will rise at least 6 percentage points. In addition, if median wage is used to replace the average wage, the minimum wage accounted for the proportion of the average wage will rise at least 8 percentage points. After these adjustments, the minimum wage in 2013 accounted for the proportion of the average wage rises from 28% to 49%, which has reached the reasonable level 40%-60%. The paper shows that, in order to protect the interests of workers, unifying minimum wage and average wage standards is more urgent than raising the standard of minimum wage. To achieve the desired results, we should not simply raise the minimum wage, but to strengthen supervision and inspection of compliance with the policy.