淮北煤矿区塌陷湖大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价

COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF MACROZOOBENTHOS AND BIOASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN COLLAPSE LAKES IN HUAIBEI MINING AREAS

2013年对淮北采煤塌陷湖(乾隆湖和临涣湖)大型底栖动物群落结构进行了季节性调查。共采集到大型底栖动物26种,隶属于3门5纲17科.乾隆湖和临涣湖年平均密度分别为230.85和215.80 ind./m^2,年平均生物量分别为56.11和36.38 g/m^2。两湖大型底栖动物以摇蚊幼虫、霍甫水丝蚓和苏氏尾鳃蚓为优势类群,底栖动物最高密度均出现在夏季(乾隆湖为278.0 ind./m^2,临涣湖为288.2 ind./m^2);生物量则主要以软体动物和水生昆虫为主,夏季和秋季大型底栖动物生物量明显高于春季和冬季。运用Shannon多样性指数(H′)、Margalef多样性指数(D)和Biotic Index生物学指数(BI)对乾隆湖和临涣湖进行水质生物评价研究,结果显示Shannon多样性指数不适宜于该两湖的水质生物评价,BI的评价结果与水质状况基本相符。综合Margalef多样性指数和BI生物指数评价的结果表明:乾隆湖和临涣湖春季和冬季处于轻度污染状态,夏季和秋季处于中度污染状态。

The seasonal investigation on the community structure of macrozoobenthos was carried out in the collapse lakes of Huaibei mining areas （the Qianlong Lake and the Linhuan Lake） in 2013. Twenty-six species were recorded, which belonged to 17 families, 5 classes and 3 phylum. The average density of macrozoobenthos was 230.85 ind./m^2 in the Qianlong Lake and 151.3 ind./m^2 in the Linhuan Lake. The average biomass of macrozoobenthos was 56.11 g/m^2 in Qianlong Lake and 36.38 g/m^2 in Linhuan Lake. The dominant taxa of macrozoobenthos were chironomids, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Branchiura sowerbyi. The density of the macrozoobenthos in both lakes was the highest in summer. Mollusca and aquatic insects were the dominant species in the biomass of macrozoobenthos. The biomass of macrozoobenthos in summer and autumn was significantly higher than in spring and winter. The water quality was assessed according to Shannon index, Margalef index and Biotic index. It was suggested that Biotic index, but not Shannon index represented a suitable bioassessment of the water quality in collapse lakes of Huaibei mining areas. The combined results of Margalef index and Biotic index indicated that the water pollution was light in spring and in winter, but moderate in summer and in autumn.