明清时期徽州导游活动探析

A Research on Guide Activities in Huizhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

基于相关文集、游记等史料,对明清时期徽州导游活动进行探讨。结论显示:古代"导游"更多指代一种行为和服务,而非一种职业。明清时期徽州的导游服务具有自发性、业余性的特点;服务内容也以指点道路、协助游览为主;服务标准较为随意。明清时期徽州导游群体的出现与沉寂,反映了当时旅游活动的兴衰变化。世代为业的"海马"家族表明,清代徽州的导游活动已具有近代化的特征,导游出现了职业化的雏形。

On the basis of related collected works, travel notes and so on, the research is carried out on guide activities in Huizhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The result shows that in ancient times, ＂guide＂ mainly referred to a kind of activity and service in most cases instead of a profession. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, guide service in Huizhou had the characteristics of spontaneity and amateurism; the content of the service provided mainly contained direction-guiding as well as tour- assisting; the standard was also random. The appearance and disappearance of the group of guides in Huizhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties has reflected the ups and downs of tour activities at the time. The family of ＂hippocampus＂, which has worked at it generations by generations, pointed out that the guide activities in the Qing Dynasty has already possessed the features of modernization, and the guide as a profession has already been in embryo.