城市流动摊贩的微区位选择机制——基于广州市200个摊贩访谈的实证研究

MICRO-LOCATION DECISION MAKING OF URBAN STREET VENDORS:EVIDENCE FROM INTERVIEWS WITH 200 VENDORS IN GUANGZHOU

要:流动摊贩对缓解城市失业和贫困问题发挥了重要作用。以广州为例,运用GIS空间分析和半结构式访谈的方法,研究了摊贩的空间分布特征与摊贩区位因子的微观作用机制。摊贩在不同空间尺度呈现集聚分布,在不同时间尺度呈现有规律的数量变化。摊贩的区位选择主要受市场因素作用,但同时受到住地与摆卖地之间的距离、政府管制、外部相关利益主体(商户、公共场所管理者、居民)的干预以及摊贩之间的竞争与合作的微妙影响,结果不是市场最大化原则下的最优区位,而是合理的区位。强调市场因素的内涵不仅包括人流量,还包括消费者的消费能力和需求。摊贩区位选择没有偏离现代区位论的思想,其区位决策是经济与非经济因素共同作用的结果。

Drawing upon the tools of spatial analysis provided by ArcGIS software and semi-structural interviews with 200 street vendors in 20 main street-vending sites in Guangzhou, this paper analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics of street vending and explains the rule of location decision in the street vending economy from a microcosmic perspective. The spatial distribution of the street vending economy is characterized by agglomeration at different spatial levels （i.e. city, district, street）. The nearest neighbor analysis shows that street vendors concentrates in central city districts, while the kernel density estimation further shows that they distributes in prime sections of a given district. The number of street vendors regularly changes at different time. While there are relatively more street vendors in Guangzhou in non-farming seasons and winter than in other seasons, in a given day the number of street vendors in a specific place increases from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. and then decreases. Primarily influenced by the market factor, the location of street vending is simultaneously influenced by the distance from the place of residence to the vending location, governmental regulation, interventions by stake-holders including shopkeepers, security guards in public places and surrounding residents, and the cooperation and competition among street vendors who are associated based on laoxiang relation.