内蒙古自治区农村人口多维贫困特征测算与分析

A STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN THE MONGOLIA AUTONOMOUS REGION

针对国家精准扶贫需求,构建基于A—F双临界值法的多维贫困度量模型,进行内蒙古自治区农村人口多维贫困特征的总体测算与分析,并分别分析多维贫困的空间集聚效应及不同分类体系下的贫困分异特征。结果显示:1研究区西部存在大面积高度贫困县单元,中部存在呈东西条带状分布的中度贫困县单元,东部地区贫困程度呈现"南高北低"状态;2研究区主要致贫因素为:人均纯收入、家庭健康、平均教育年限,一般致贫因素为燃料类型、资产、房屋结构,次要致贫因素为:饮水情况、通电情况、儿童入学率;且大部分贫困指标呈显著空间集聚效应;3研究区西部县际贫困特征差异较小,东部存在显著的南北分布差异;4不同类型县各贫困指标差异不同。

With the rapid development of China＇s economy, the official poverty alleviation work achieved great results. But there are still many areas of poverty alleviation that need improvement. The traditional method based on income level is easy and quick in helping the government indentifying the most of poor people.But those people who are living in a low living quality or suffering from diease or have no chance to get well education while their income are a little higher than the poverty level should be seemed as poor people too. To meet the needs of accurately identifying the poor farmers characteristics in new phase of poverty alleviation work, we should determine the characteristics of the poor from multiple angles with a new method in order to improve the quality of poverty alleviation. This paper measures the multidimensional poverty of 65 counties in Inner Mongolia with Alkire-Foster＇s ＂dual cutoff＂ method which has considered the actual situation of the study area and analyzes spatial distribution of the characteristics of poverty in the study area with Getis-ord local G. Considering a variety of classification methods currently used by government departments to differentiate poverty alleviation, this study compares the differences between those methods with Theil index. The main conclusions are shown as followed：1）There is a large area of high poverty counties unit in the west of the study area. Several counties with middle poverty level in the middle present east-west banded distribution. Poverty levels in the southeast of the study area is higher than that in the northeast. 2） The main poverty factors are average income, domestic health and years of education. 3）The differences among those counties in the east of the study area are much larger than that in the west of the study area. 4） Different types of poverty counties show significant difference in poverty indexes while different types of pastoral counties don＇t show this.