我国装备制造业的创新、知识溢出和产学研合作——基于一个扩展的知识生产函数方法

INNOVATION,KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS AND UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY COLLABORATION IN CHINA' S EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY:BASED ON AN EXTENDED KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION FUNCTION APPROACH

要:知识溢出的本地化现象揭示了地理边界的限制机理,然而越来越多的研究表明知识溢出也可发生在远距离的空间范围内。本文以我国装备制造业为例,采用扩展的知识生产函数方法探讨大学和科研机构的知识溢出对区域创新的影响。结果表明,大学和科研机构能够产生强烈的本地和跨区域的知识溢出效应,地理空间和创新网络在跨区域知识溢出中扮演重要角色。其中,产学研合作产生的知识溢出不仅局限于区域尺度,也发生在更高的国家尺度;在地理空间的制约影响下,高素质劳动力的流动对区域创新的影响十分显著且稳定,而大学和科研机构的衍生溢出机制则不那么明显,其原因可能与空间尺度选择有关。

This article uses the patent information services platform provided by State Intellectual Property Offices to search and manipulate the patents of China＇s equipment manufacturing industry. The effect of university-industry collaboration networks and spatial structure on knowledge spillovers are modeled, using an extended knowledge production function framework applied to regions in China. To eliminate the problem of spatial autocorrelation, we use weight matrix to minimization the errors. The collaboration networks weight matrix which refer the cross-regional knowledge spillover are indicated by the collaboration published papers of multiple authors and organizations, which based on the Chongqing VIP Information Data-base. Also, we employ an accurate measure of spatial distance from terrain database of China National Reconnaissance Office＇s fundamental geographic information system to indicate the geographical weight matrix. Actually, we find that university and research institutions have a strong knowledge spillovers effect at regional and cross-regional scale, geographic space and innovation network play an important role in the cross-regional ones. Furthermore, the knowledge spillovers from university and research institutions is not limited to the regional scale, but also occurs in higher scale; Under the control of the geographical space, the effects of high quality labor force mobility on regional innovation is very significant and stable, while the mechanism of spin-offs from university and research institution is not clear, the reason may be related to the selection of space scale. Finally, we can do some further researches from space scale selection and evolution two aspects.