从传统乡村聚落到现代滨海旅游度假区——过去20年大连金石滩旅游度假区土地利用动态演变

FROM A TRADITIONAL RURAL VILLAGE TO THE MODERN COASTAL RESORT:LAND USE CHANGE IN THE PAST 20 YEARS IN JINSHITAN AND ITS POLICY IMPLICATION

要:旅游城镇化是中国新型城镇化进程中的重要类型之一。本文以大连金石滩为案例区,从土地利用变化视角,综合采用参与式乡村评估(PRA),GIS和遥感影像分析等方法分析了过去20年金石滩旅游度假区从传统乡村聚落转变为现代旅游度假区的城镇化过程。研究发现,过去20年,金石滩地区经历了从传统乡村聚落到现代滨海旅游度假区的转变。在此期间,农业用地和乡村聚落用地基本消亡,旅游设施用地和第二居所用地等商业设施用地呈现由海滩到内陆波浪式推进和立体集约性扩展。这种转换过程是以旅游持续增长为基本动力,以土地资本化进程为根本原因,以利益主导者转变为主要推手,在各种正式和非正式制度调节下共同作用的结果。

Integrating participatory rural appraisal methods （PRA）, GIS spatial analysis technology and remote sensing （RS）, we explored the spatial dynamics of Jinshitan coastal resort of northeast China from 1992 to 2012. It was found that Jinshitan experienced a dramatic change from a traditional rural settlement to the modem resort. During the process, traditional agricultural land was gradually taken up by tourism land （main occupied by real estate and the second home）, accompanied by the transportation land, public construction land and residential land. Furthermore, study on the driving force indicated that the dramatic land use transformation was enhanced by the multi-stakeholder＇ participation, the benefit through the tourism industry upgrading and land capitalization and the related formal or informal regulations by the government. However, compared to the general urbanization, the urbanization in the ＂enclave＂ coastal resort was unsustainable due to 1） the limited amount of land. Currently, the expansion of the land mainly relys on the supply of the land continuously and the land capitalization. However, in the future, when there is not enough land to development, the development will be not sustainable; 2） the irrational land use type. In Jinshitan, the tourism ＂real estate＂ land supply was excess, which made a lack of other tourism development land supply; 3） the weakening ＂resort function＂. The accentuating of the ＂real estate＂, the make the increase of the price of the rates make vresort function＂ weakening relatively, together with the regional social isolation and local unemployment.