十六醇和乙醇复配体系水分蒸发抑制剂研究

Research on water evaporation inhibitor of hexadecanol and ethanol mixture

我国西北地区干燥少雨、蒸发量大,蓄水工程蒸发损失了大量的水资源。为研究干旱地区的水资源保护措施,以十六醇和乙醇为分子膜基材,采用超声波分散技术,制备了一种非均相体系水分蒸发抑制剂。对两种醇的比例、超声处理时间及功率、抑制剂加入量对抑制效果的影响进行了研究。结果表明:十六醇与乙醇比例为1∶6,超声处理功率6 k Hz,时间为25 min,每处理30 s停歇10 s的情况下,水分蒸发抑制剂效果最佳,24 h抑制率可达45.3%,抑制剂用于水面后,水体含氧量与自然条件下水体含氧量大致相同,不会对水生动植物的生长产生影响。所配抑制剂对于减少干旱地区水资源损失具有重大意义,可带来巨大的经济效益和社会效益。

The northwest region of China is dry, rainless and the evaporation is heavy, so the water resources of reservoirs lost a lot by evaporation. To study the water resources protection measures in arid region, a new heterogeneous system of water evaporation inhibitor was prepared by ultrasonic dispersion technology with hexadecanol and ethanol as molecular film substrate. The influence of proportion of the two alcohol, ultrasonic treatment time and power, the inhibitor adding amount on the effects were studied. The results proved that the evaporation inhibiting effect is the best under the conditions of the hexadecanol and ethanol ratio of 1：6, ultrasonic treatment power of 6 kHz, treatment time of 25 min, intermittent time of 10 s for 30 s treatment, and the inhibition rate for 24 h can reach 45.3% ; the dissolved oxygen in water is nearly the same as that in natural conditions and will not influence the growth of aquatic plants. The inhibitor is of great significance for reducing the water resources loss in arid regions, which can bring huge economic and social benefits.