DNA来源人种族推断研究进展

Inference of Human Race Using Genetic Information

随着跨地域跨国犯罪明显增加,通过对生物检材DNA深度遗传信息挖掘进行来源人特征刻画已成为研究热点,其中种族推断是非常重要的研究方向。用于种族推断常用的遗传标记称为祖先信息位点(AIMs),它是指在不同人群之间频率差异非常大的多态性基因位点,包括单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)、插入缺失(In Dels)多态性等位点,其中SNPs成为筛选AIMs位点、分析人群遗传结构的重要遗传标记。本文重点对DNA来源人种族推断领域的研究现状、研究方法等进行论述,希冀对相关研究和实践提供参考和借鉴。

Due to the increase of floating population, the current trans-regional and cross-boundary crimes increase significantly. Human phenotype description studies covering race, age, appearance and other physiological characteristics, are of high interest in genetic association studies. With the extracted genetic information, the biologic evidence could reveal its origin and aid in criminal investigation. Among these is racial inference, which remains an important topic in forensic context. Ancestry informative markers （AIMs） are genetic sites with great different frequency between populations. It can be used to describe the genetic components of a population, to infer the ancestral origin of a DNA sample and then the possible physical characteristics of DNA donor. Of those said above, single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） is the most commonly used because of its larger number and wider distribution in genome. The panel of SNPs can be designed by calculating the genetic parameters such as Fst, In, and others of the kind. The available techniques for SNP typing include multiple single base extension SNP （SNaPshot）, SNPstream and MassArray. Many panels of ancestry informative SNPs have been proposed in recent years. These techniques are playing important roles in practical cases and thus enhance the ability of forensic genetic technology in mining human genetic information. Here we present the development, application and the research on the inference of human race from DNA evidence, aiming to provide a reference for further studies and the application of this technology in a wide range.