日本老年教育相关政策、法律的考察及启示

The Exploration and Enlightenment on Laws and Policies of Japanese Elderly Education

日本老年教育相关政策、法律的出台经历了准备期、实施期、成长期与扩张期四个阶段,其内容主要体现在《宪法》《教育基本法》《终生学习振兴法》和《社会教育法》等教育法和《老年福利法》《高龄社会对策基本法》和《老龄者雇佣安定法》等老年人法中。主要特色有:以社会参与、福利社会和终身教育为取向的立法理念;以保障人权、教育机会均等和向国民直接负责为核心的立法原则;福利政策法规、老龄政策法规与终身教育政策法规共同构建完备的政策法律体系;顺应时势修改,灵活机动修订。我们可借鉴日本经验,用福利社会和社会参与思想丰富老年教育立法理念;在教育基本法中明确向人民直接负责的立法原则;与时俱进地修改现有法律,完善老年教育法律体系,以推动我国老年教育的发展。

The issue of Japanese elderly education laws and policies experienced four phases： preparation, implementation, growth and expansion. Its contents are reflected in some education laws, including Constitution, Education Basic Law, the Life- long Learning Revitalization Act and Social Education Law, and some elderly laws, including Old People~ Welfare Law, the Bas- ic Law of Aging Society Countermeasures, and Law of Elderly Employment Stability. The main characters are as follows： taking social participation, welfare society and lifelong education as the orientation of the legislative idea; taking protecting human rights, the equality of educational opportunity and being directly responsible for the citizens as the core of legislative principle; putting laws and regulations of the welfare policy, the aging strategy and the lifelong education together to construct a complete legislative system; modifying flexibly and keeping pace with the times. What we can learn from Japan are as follows： enriching elderly edu- cation legislation idea, the legislative principle of being responsible for the citizens directly in the education basic law, modifying the current laws to keep pace with the times, improving the elderly education law, in order to promote the development of the eld- erly education in China.