缅甸土司制度的兴衰(1287—1959年)

On the Rise and Fall of the Tusi System in Myanmar(1287-1959)

缅甸土司制度是受中国土司制度影响形成的一种政治制度,主要推行于掸人地区。东吁王朝征服掸人地区后,在沿用明朝土司制度的基础上,结合掸人社会的特点并融入缅甸政治制度的内容,建立了缅甸的土司制度。缅甸土司制度在贡榜王朝时期得到巩固,是近代英国在缅甸实施分治政策的基础之一,对缅甸联邦的构建与缅甸民族关系也产生了一定影响。缅甸土司制度不仅实现了无间断地跨越朝代的历史沿袭,而且跨越了国度和民族,实现了在不同的统治者间的历史性承继,在特定的历史时期发挥过积极作用,对缅甸边疆民族地区社会产生重大而深远的影响。

The saohpa system orTusisystem of Myanmar, mainly carried out in the Shan area, is a political system formed under the influence of ChineseTusisystem. After conquering the Shan area, Toungoo Dynasty of Myanmar formed this system in order to accommodate the characteristics of the Shan society by learning from theTusisystem of Ming Dynasty and the political system of ancient Myanmar. TheTusisystem was consolidated in Konbaung Dynasty, becoming one of the foundations of British dividing and ruling policy in Myanmar, and exerting significant impact on the construction of modern Burma and its ethnic relations. TheTusisystem was not only practiced uninterruptedly by different dynasties across the history of Myanmar, but also carried out by the rulers of different countries and nations, which played a positive role in the specific historical period and influenced greatly on the society of ethnic minorities and border areas in Myanmar.