论美国在钓鱼岛争议中偏袒日本的背景和原因

American Biased Posture in Dispute over Diaoyu Islands

钓鱼岛领土主权归属认知争议,是目前中日关系改善的一大障碍。美国在这一问题上的立场和态度对日本具有较大影响。迄今美国在钓鱼岛领土主权问题上保持某种程度的"中立",但又把钓鱼岛管辖权说成属于日本。2010年以来美国多次表示钓鱼岛适用于《美日安全条约》第五条。这使安倍内阁更加有恃无恐,局势有进一步恶化的危险。美国在钓鱼岛争议中偏袒日本的主要原因在于:美国在甲午战争中曾偏袒日本;二战后美国在钓鱼岛问题上往往无视史实,重要决策大多建立在知识性错误基础之上;在钓鱼岛问题上美国主要从地缘政治与权力均衡角度考虑本国战略利益;美国至今仍把黄尾屿和赤尾屿作为射击靶场而不肯撒手;日美之间的相互利用也不容忽视。美国与其在钓鱼岛问题偏袒日本,导致日本采取更加强硬的姿态,不如加强中美对话,促进中日对话。中国也应更加重视钓鱼岛问题的研究与宣介。

The Dispute over Diaoyu Islands now poses as the major obstacle for the improvement of Sino-Japanese relations. American posture relating the issue has relatively strong impact on Japan. So far U. S has kept certain'neutrality'concerning the issue of Diaoyu Islands,meanwhile admitting that Japan owns the administrative power over the disputed islands. Since the year 2010,U. S has insisted repeatedly that the issue of Diaoyu Islands applies to the fifth article of U. S-Japan Security Treaty,which has emboldened the Abe administration in taking provocative action that may exacerbate the current situation. The reason for American biased posture in dispute over Diaoyu Islands is related to the historical fact that U. S had biased posture for supporting Japan in the first Sino-Japanese War in the end of the 19 th century,and also ignored that historical truth even after the end of WWII,which had made its important decision-making based on wrong knowledge. U. S tends to consider its strategic interest in Diaoyu Islands issue from the perspective of geopolitics and balance of power. Instead of keeping the biased posture in dispute over Diaoyu Islands,it will be a better choice for U. S to help strengthening the Sino-American dialogue as well as Sino-Japanese dialogue. It is also imperative for China to lay more emphasis on the studies and publicity relating Diaoyu Islands issue.