论康德的综合理论——从“自发性”来看“先验演绎”

On Kant's doctrine of synthesis: Understanding “transcendental deduction” from the aspect of “spontaneity”

康德的综合理论是关于心灵行动的学说。B版演绎相比于A版在分析心灵的行动时更强调综合过程中心灵的"自发性",因此"自发性"为理解综合理论提供了一个新的视角。"综合"是想象力或统觉的一个行动,对综合的一般概念进行心理学的解读是站不住脚的;B版演绎引进了"联结"的概念,它虽然是"综合"的同义词,但能使综合理论在论证上较A版更加简洁;最后,"联结"的概念促使康德对想象力与统觉两者之间的关系重新作出解释,综合理论从根本上依赖于想象力与知性之间的张力。

Kant’s doctrine of synthesis is a theory about activity of mind. The B-Deduction places the greatest of emphasis on mind’s spontaneity in synthesis than A-Deduction, so “spontaneity” supplies a new view of point for understanding synthesis. Synthesis is an act of imagination or apperception, about which the interpretation of psychology in general is irrational; B-Deduction introduces the term “combination” which is also the act of synthesis, but it makes the doctrine of synthesis simpler in the process of the argument than A-Deduction. At last, the notion of “combination” urges Kant to make new explanation of the relation between imagination and apperception, and the doctrine of synthesis relies on the tension between imagination and understanding eventually.