集权与制衡:论附条件不起诉中的权力配置

Centralization and balance: Power allocation in conditional non-prosecution

附条件不起诉有利于在未成年人刑事案件中贯彻"教育优先"原则,但却将公诉、处遇决定、社会调查、监督考察等多项职权集于检察院,检察官在附条件不起诉中享有巨大裁量权,背离了现代检察制度权力制衡的理念。附条件不起诉中权力配置有"一体化"和"分立化"两种模式,两者各有利弊。我国未成年人检察实行"一体化"模式,扩张了检察官适用附条件不起诉时的自由裁量权。裁量有利于确定个别化处遇措施,但却存在滥用风险。为防止权力滥用,有必要对附条件不起诉中检察官的自由裁量权予以控制。

The system of conditional non-prosecution has centralized many powers in procuratorate, such as public prosecution, judge, social investigation, the supervision and inspection. It has deviated from the basic idea of decentralization and counterbalance in modern prosecution. From the analysis of logic, there are two models of power allocation in conditional non-prosecution, including integration model and separation model. Either model has its own advantages and disadvantages. The juvenile procuratorate in China has applied the integration model, so prosecutors have great discretion in conditional non-prosecution. Discretion would facilitate to individualize the treatments in juvenile with the risk of abuse though. To protect human rights and prevent abuse, it is necessary to define and restrain the discretion in conditional non-prosecution.