论鲁迅《野草》的终极关切与佛教文化

Relationship between the ultimate concern of Lu Xun's Wild Grass and Buddhist culture

终极关切在根本上是人生意义问题,社会转型语境中的中国现代文学奠基者鲁迅对此深有眷注。鲁迅与佛教文化有复杂深厚的渊源,以"了生死"为本怀的佛教对鲁迅的终极关切具有深入持久的影响,这在代表鲁迅哲学的散文诗《野草》中体现最为明显。《野草》的生死意识、苦感体验与佛教相通,不过由此而来的"反抗绝望"、自由意志与佛家修证路向有所不同,般若经典、华严宗、唯识学、三论宗等不同宗派可能以较为复杂的方式参与和影响了这种意义关切与价值贞定。

The ultimate concern is essentially the significance of life, so was Chinese modern writer Lu Xun who lived in the background of social transformation. Complicated relationship exists between Lu Xun and Buddhism; Buddhism whose purpose is “beyond life and death” exerts a profound and lasting effect on Lu Xun’s the ultimate concern, which can be most obviously illustrated in his Wild Grass. The life-death consciousness and ultimate perplexity in Wild Grass can be closely related to Buddhism, but the “resistance against despair” and free will may be different from Buddhism. At the same time, some schools of Buddhism such as the Prajna classics, Huayan Sect, Vij?ānamātra and San-lun Shool exert a collaborated and complicated effect on such ultimate concern and value orientation.