利益分析视阈下环评制度的反思与修正

The Rethinking and the Amendment of the Environmental Impact Assessment System in the Light of the Interests Analysis Theory

环评中存在众多繁杂利益纠葛的困扰,由此衍生了"唯经济论"和"唯环境论"两种理念范式。从利益分析理论看,"二唯论"是极端化利益衡量的产物必须予以摒弃,取而代之的是应先按性质将环境利益区分为基本环境利益和一般环境利益,对前者则采用"利益衡平"思路并通过环评相关制度的设计来保障;对后者则采用"利益衡量+利益衡平"思路并注重衡量方法和衡平手段的灵活选用;并考虑经济利益在不同地域中的权重值变化。

The complex interest disputes haunting in the conventional environmental impact assessment lead to the derivation of two philosophy paradigms, that is, the economism or the environmentalism. However, according to the interest analysis theory, both thoughts are the product of extreme interest measurement, which should be abandoned. Instead, the environmental interests should be divided into the basic environmental interests and the general environment interests on the basis of their nature.The former is supposed to adopt the idea of interest equity to design a relevant environment impact assessment system for guarantee, while the latter takes the idea of "interest measure plus interests equity” to lay emphasis on the flexible choice of measure method and equity means. Besides, consideration should be take to the value weight changes of the economic interests in different areas.