孔颖达“比兴”之释义与唐诗比兴生态世界审美

The Explanation of ''Bi Xing'' of Kong Yingda and the Aesthetics of ''Bi Xing'' in Poems of Tang Dynasty

唐代大儒孔颖达奉诏主撰的《毛诗正义》,对唐诗之发展具有重要意义。它率先提出"三体三用"说,在"比、兴"释义上虽承旧说,却又有一己之新见,即:"美、刺俱有比、兴"。其"比、兴"相融的萌芽思想,促使了唐代"比兴"融合理论的成熟。在"比兴"融合理论的影响下,在唐代诗人浓郁的自然生态意识的影响下,在政治事件迫害士人的情况下,兼之唐代诗人以其广纳博采、兼容并包的学术心胸,全面继承并积极发展了《诗经》、《楚辞》所创立的比兴手法与"香草美人"的象征艺术,将诗歌的比兴艺术境界推进到空前的高度,由此呈现出唐诗比兴生态空前兴盛的气象。

Kong Yingda of Tang Dynasty was asked by the emperor to edit Mao Shi Zheng Yi, which contributed a lot to the development of poems of Tang Dynasty. The ＇＇San Ti San Yong＇＇ was first stated, but the explanation of ＇＇Bi, Xing＇＇still maintains the old way but had its innovative concept, which is beauty. The integration of ＇＇Bi Xing＇＇ boosts the maturity of the theory of the combination of ＇＇Bi Xing＇＇. Under the influence of the integration of ＇＇Bi Xing＇＇, the ecological consciousness, the political pressure, poets of Tang Dynasty, with the all-inclusiveness of academics, inherited and developed the ＇＇Bi Xing＇＇ used in Shi Jin, Chu Ci, lifting the aesthetic context to the unprecedented height, which presented the thriving phenomenon of ＇＇Bi Xing＇＇ ecology of poems of Tang Dynasty.