满语文保护抢救综述与满语文实验社区建构

Protection and Rescue of Manchu Language and Construction of Experimental Community of Manchu Language after the Founding of New China

中国1 000多万满族人口只有为数不多的人能够通晓满语文研究档案、粗通满文、能够说简单满语;中国现存大约280万件用满族文字记录的文献档案资料还没有翻译。满族语言文字正面临灭绝,急需保护抢救。国家和高等学校从1961年开始保护抢救满语文,采取了多种类型的满语文人才培养措施,但对于满语文的濒危仍是杯水车薪。满语文的保护抢救应实施构建实验社区策略,即政府在满族人口聚居区指定并支持一所或几所高校设置专门院系进行满语文教学研究和人才培养,同时在辽宁省东部满族聚居区建立"国际满语文实验社区"。

Among over one million Manchu people in China, there are only about ten people who have a good knowledge of Manchu language and can make studies of Manchu archives, about fifty who can speak simple Manchu language; and about 2.8 million Manchu document archives have not been translated. The fact shows that Manchu language is facing extinction and an urgent protection is needed. Though the government and institutions of higher learning started the rescue work of the language and cultivated Manchu talents of many types since 1961, the effort is still far from being adequate. In order to keep pace with the social and economic development and meet the needs of cultural life in Manchu concentrated areas, the strategy of constructing experimental community should be adopted to protect Manchu language, that is, the government should assign and support one or several universities to set up specialized department to make studies on Manchu language teaching and cultivate talents, and at the same time, should build a international Manchu experiment zone in Manchu concentrated area in eastern Liaoning Province.