文化传统与当代民族教育:《喜马拉雅天梯》的影视人类学发现

The Encounter of Cultural Tradition with Modern Ethnic Education:Visual Anthropological Insights of Himalaya,the Ladder to Paradise

西藏登山学校是少数民族地区教育的一个特殊案例,是传统与现代、本土与全球、宗教与世俗等一系列重要关系在教育领域的投射。本文详述了在拍摄纪录电影《喜马拉雅天梯》过程中所采取的影视人类学方法,展示了将教育机构置于更加广阔的社会文化领域中进行理解的可能性。本文尤其关注特定地区和族群的文化传统在当代教育机构和行业语境中与现代文化的相遇,展示西藏登山学校中的师生如何通过当代教育和商业登山实践,产生针对自身文化传统的文化自觉,进而在一定程度上弥合了文化变迁过程中的冲突和断裂。

Tibetan Mountaineering School is a typical case of education in minority areas, reflecting a series of important relations in educational field, such as the relations between tradition and modernity, localization and globalization, as well as religion and secular life. This paper describes visual anthropological methodologies operated during the production of a documentary film Himalaya, the Ladder to Paradise, and demonstrates the possibility of an in-depth interpretation of educational institutions in social and cultural contexts. It also focuses on the encounter of traditional culture of ethnic groups in specific areas with modern culture in the context of modern educational institutions and shows how modern education and commercial mountaineering practice can help teachers and students of the school generate some kind of cultural and identical consciousness to bridge conflicts and cracks in the process of culture transition.